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1 containing lead
• lyijypitoinen -
2 lead
Ⅰ.lead1 [led]1 noun∎ it's made of lead c'est en plomb∎ they pumped him full of lead ils l'ont plombé(c) (in pencil) mine f(d) (piece of lead → for sounding) plomb m (de sonde); (→ on car wheel, fishing line) plomb m; Typography interligne m∎ to get the lead out (of one's pants) se magner (le train);∎ very familiar that'll put some lead in your pencil! (invigorate) ça te requinquera!;∎ very familiar to have lead in one's pencil (be sexually potent) ne pas avoir de problèmes pour bander(b) Typography interligner(made of lead) de ou en plomb; (containing lead) plombifère;∎ familiar to go down like a lead balloon tomber à plat□British Building industry (on roof) plombs mpl (de couverture); (on window) plombures fpl, plombs mpl►► lead crystal verre m de ou au plomb;lead glass verre m de ou au plomb;lead ore minerai m de plomb;lead oxide oxyde m de plomb;lead paint peinture f à base de plomb;lead pencil crayon m noir ou à papier ou à mine de plomb;lead poisoning Medicine intoxication f par le plomb, saturnisme m; American familiar (death) mort f par balle(s); (injury) blessure f par balle(s);lead pipe tuyau m de plomb;lead shot grenaille f de plombTypography (lines of text) augmenter l'interlignage deⅡ.lead2 [li:d]tête ⇒ 1 (a) initiative ⇒ 1 (b) indice ⇒ 1 (c) gros titre ⇒ 1 (d) rôle principal ⇒ 1 (e) laisse ⇒ 1 (g) fil ⇒ 1 (h) mener ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (c), 2 (e) être à la tête de ⇒ 2 (b) diriger ⇒ 2 (b) amener ⇒ 2 (d) aller devant ⇒ 3 (d) principal ⇒ 4(pt & pp led [led])1 noun∎ to be in the lead être en tête, mener;∎ to have a 10-point/10-length lead avoir 10 points/10 longueurs d'avance;∎ to have a good lead over the rest of the field avoir une bonne avance sur les autres concurrents;∎ he's opened up a tremendous lead il a pris une avance considérable;∎ France are hanging on to the lead (in race) la France reste en tête de la course; (in points table) la France reste en tête du classement(b) (initiative) initiative f;∎ he took the lead in asking questions il fut le premier à poser des questions;∎ take your lead from me prenez exemple sur moi;∎ to follow sb's lead suivre l'exemple de qn;∎ it's up to the government to give a lead on housing policy c'est au gouvernement (qu'il revient) de donner l'exemple en matière de politique du logement(c) (indication, clue) indice m, piste f;∎ to give sb a lead mettre qn sur la voie;∎ the police have several leads la police tient plusieurs pistes;∎ we're currently following up an important lead nous sommes actuellement sur une piste prometteuse∎ the news made the lead in all the papers la nouvelle était à la une de tous les journaux;∎ the 'Telegraph' opens with a lead on the Middle East crisis le 'Telegraph' consacre sa une à la crise au Proche-Orient(e) Cinema & Theatre (role) rôle m principal; (actor) premier rôle m masculin; (actress) premier rôle m féminin;∎ Jude Law plays the male lead Jude Law tient le premier rôle masculin∎ to have the lead jouer le premier;∎ your lead! à vous de jouer!;∎ whose lead is it? c'est à qui de jouer?;∎ you must follow the lead il faut fournir à la couleur demandée;∎ a heart lead une ouverture à cœur∎ dogs must be kept on a lead (sign) les chiens doivent être tenus en laisse(h) Electricity fil m(a) (take, guide) mener, emmener, conduire;∎ to lead sb somewhere mener ou conduire qn quelque part;∎ I was led into the garden on m'a emmené ou conduit dans le jardin;∎ he led them across the lawn il leur fit traverser la pelouse;∎ she led him down the stairs elle lui fit descendre l'escalier;∎ she led them to safety elle les a conduits en lieu sûr;∎ to lead an army into battle mener une armée au combat;∎ to lead a team to victory mener une équipe à la victoire;∎ the captain led the team onto the field le capitaine a conduit son équipe sur le terrain;∎ she led them through the garden (to get out) elle les fit passer par le jardin; (to visit) elle leur fit visiter le jardin;∎ literary he led her to the altar il la prit pour épouse;∎ to lead the way montrer le chemin;∎ police motorcyclists led the way des motards de la police ouvraient la route;∎ they led the cable along the edge of the floor ils ont fait passé le câble par terre, le long du mur;∎ Bible lead us not into temptation ne nous soumets pas à la tentation;∎ proverb you can lead a horse to water but you cannot make him drink on ne saurait faire boire un âne qui n'a pas soif;∎ figurative to lead sb up the garden path mener qn en bateau∎ to lead the prayers/singing diriger la prière/les chants∎ Stardust is leading Black Beauty by 10 lengths Stardust a pris 10 longueurs d'avance sur Black Beauty;∎ to lead the field mener;∎ to lead sb by 8 points avoir une avance sur qn de 8 points;∎ figurative Great Britain leads the field in heart transplant technology la Grande-Bretagne est le pays le plus avancé dans le domaine des greffes cardiaques∎ to lead sb to do sth amener qn à faire qch;∎ despair led him to commit suicide le désespoir l'a poussé au suicide;∎ he led me to believe (that) he was innocent il m'a amené à croire qu'il était innocent;∎ everything leads us to believe (that) she is still alive tout porte à croire ou nous avons toutes les raisons de croire qu'elle est encore en vie;∎ I was led to the conclusion that he had been lying all along je suis arrivé à la conclusion qu'il mentait depuis le début;∎ what led you to apply for this job? qu'est-ce qui vous a conduit ou amené à postuler?;∎ he is easily led il se laisse facilement influencer;∎ figurative subsequent events led the country into war des événements ultérieurs ont entraîné le pays dans la guerre;∎ this leads me to my second point ceci m'amène à ma seconde remarque;∎ he led the conversation round to money again il a ramené la conversation sur la question de l'argent∎ he has lead a life of debauchery il a mené une vie de débauche;∎ she has led a full and happy life elle a eu une vie heureuse et bien remplie∎ to lead trumps demander ou jouer atout;∎ what was led? qu'est-ce qui a été demandé?∎ to lead a witness poser des questions tendancieuses à un témoin∎ this path leads to the village ce chemin mène au village;∎ where does this door lead to? sur quoi ouvre cette porte?;∎ the stairs lead to the cellar l'escalier mène ou conduit à la cave;∎ take the street that leads away from the station prenez la rue qui part de la gare;∎ that road leads nowhere cette route ne mène nulle part;∎ figurative this is leading nowhere! cela ne rime à rien!∎ to lead by 2 metres avoir 2 mètres d'avance;∎ to lead by 3 points to 1 mener par 3 points à 1;∎ Black Beauty is leading Black Beauty est en tête∎ hearts led cœur (a été) demandé;∎ Joanne to lead c'est à Joanne de jouer∎ if you lead, I'll follow allez-y, je vous suis∎ to lead with sth mettre qch à la une;∎ the 'Times' led with news of the plane hijack le détournement d'avion faisait la une ou était en première page du 'Times'∎ he leads with his right il attaque toujours du droit ou de la droite(g) (in dancing) conduire∎ he led for the prosecution il dirigea l'accusation en tant qu'avocat principal►► Commerce leads and lags termaillage m;Banking & Stock Exchange lead manager (banque f) chef m de file;Marketing lead user utilisateur(trice) m,f piloteemmener;∎ the guards led him away les gardes l'ont emmené;∎ he led her away from the scene of the accident il l'éloigna du lieu de l'accidentramener, reconduire;∎ they led him back to his room ils l'ont ramené ou reconduit à sa chambre;∎ she led the conversation back to the question of money elle a ramené la conversation sur la question de l'argent∎ this path leads back to the beach ce chemin ramène à la plage➲ lead off(in conversation) commencer, débuter; (in debate) entamer les débats; (in game) jouer le(la) premier(ère); (at dance) ouvrir le bal; (in relay race) être le premier relayeur∎ several avenues lead off the square plusieurs avenues partent de la place(person) conduire;∎ they were led off to jail ils ont été conduits ou emmenés en prison➲ lead onaller ou marcher devant;∎ lead on! allez-y!∎ to lead sb on faire marcher qn;∎ you shouldn't lead him on like that vous ne devriez pas le faire marcher comme ça(b) (bring on) faire entrer;∎ lead on the horses! faites entrer les chevaux!(c) (in progression) amener;∎ this leads me on to my second point ceci m'amène à mon deuxième point(result in, have as consequence) mener ou aboutir à;∎ what's all this leading to? sur quoi tout ceci va-t-il déboucher?;∎ the decision led to panic on Wall Street la décision a semé la panique à Wall Street;∎ one thing led to another une chose en amenait une autre;∎ a course leading to a degree un cursus qui débouche sur un diplôme;∎ several factors led to his decision to leave plusieurs facteurs le poussèrent ou l'amenèrent à décider de partir;∎ this led to several of them losing their jobs à cause de cela, plusieurs d'entre eux ont perdu leur emploi;∎ drinking too much can lead to violence l'excès d'alcool peut conduire à la violence;∎ his statement led to a misunderstanding sa déclaration est à l'origine d'un malentendu;∎ this could lead to some confusion ça pourrait provoquer une certaine confusion;∎ her research led to nothing ses recherches n'ont abouti à rien ou n'ont rien donné(a) (path, road) conduire à, mener à;∎ a narrow path led up to the house un étroit sentier menait jusqu'à la maison;∎ those stairs lead up to the attic cet escalier mène au grenier∎ she's leading up to something je me demande où elle veut en venir;∎ what are you leading up to? où voulez-vous en venir?;∎ I was just leading up to that j'allais justement y venir(c) (precede, cause)∎ the events leading up to the war les événements qui devaient déclencher la guerre;∎ in the months leading up to her death pendant les mois qui précédèrent sa mort;∎ Music the chords that lead up to the final movement les accords qui introduisent le dernier mouvementⓘ Lead on, MacDuff Cette phrase ("après toi, MacDuff") est une déformation d'un vers de Macbeth de Shakespeare, dans un passage où Macbeth défie à l'épée son ennemi MacDuff en prononçant les mots lay on, MacDuff ("frappe, MacDuff"). On utilise la version modifiée de cette phrase de façon humoristique lorsque l'on demande à quelqu'un d'ouvrir la marche. -
3 lead-containing pigments
English-German dictionary of Architecture and Construction > lead-containing pigments
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4 lead-containing
Макаров: свинецсодержащие -
5 lead-containing enamel
Силикатное производство: свинцовая эмальУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > lead-containing enamel
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6 lead-containing
< mat> (gen.) ■ bleihaltig -
7 lead-containing
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8 lead-containing eye glasses
English-Spanish medical dictionary > lead-containing eye glasses
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9 lead-containing
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10 leaded
<tech.gen> (containing lead; e.g. gasoline) ■ verbleit; bleihaltig -
11 glass
1. стекло3. стеклянныйA glass — известково-натриевое [щелочное] стекло
acid-resistant glass — кислотостойкое стекло
AF-994 glass — стекло для высокопрочного при повышенных температурах волокна, стекло S [AF-994]
aircraft glass — авиационное стекло
aircraft organic glass — авиационное органическое стекло
alkali-lime glass — натриево-щелочное стекло
aluminophosphate glass — алюмофосфатное стекло
aluminosilicophosphate glass — алюмокремнефосфатное стекло
aluminum-calcium-borosilicate glass — кальций-алюминиевое боросиликатное стекло
aluminum-silicate glass — алюминий-силикатное [алюмосиликатное] стекло
armored glass — армированное стекло, бронестекло
arsenic-modified selenium glass — селеновое стекло, модифицированное мышьяком
arsenic trisulfide glass — халькогенидное стекло, стекло из трёхсернистого мышьяка
barium-silicate glass — барийсиликатное стекло
barium-titanate glass — барий-титанатное стекло
beryllia glass — стекло из окиси бериллия
beryllia-containing glass — стекло с присадкой окиси бериллия
beryllium-fluoride glass — фторид-бериллиевое стекло
borate glass — боратное стекло
borax glass — борное стекло
borofluoroaluminosilicate glass — борофторалюмосиликатное стекло
borosilicate glass — боросиликатное стекло [крон]
bullet-proof glass — бронестекло, пуленепробиваемое стекло
bullet-resistant glass — бронестекло, пуленепробиваемое стекло
C glass — стекло с повышенной химической стойкостью, кислотоупорное стекло, стекло C
cadmium glass — кадмиевое стекло
calcium-aluminate glass — стекло из алюмината кальция
calcium-aluminosilicate glass — кальциево-алюмосиликатное стекло
cast glass — литое стекло
cellular glass — ячеистое стекло, пеностекло
ceramic glass — стеклокерамика, стеклокерамический материал
cerium glass — цериевое стекло
chalcogenide glass — халькогенидное стекло
chemical glass — стекло с повышенной химической стойкостью, кислотоупорное стекло, стекло C
chemically strengthened glass — химически упрочнённое стекло
chilled glass — закалённое стекло
conductive glass — проводящее стекло
conducting glass — проводящее стекло
corrosion-resistant glass — коррозионно-стойкое стекло
cover glass — защитное стекло
crown glass — 1) кронглас (сорт стекла с малой разницей в показателях преломления световых волн различной длины; даёт совершенно чистые изображения без радужной окраски по краям, применяется для оптических приборов) 2) крон ( сорт стекла с небольшими показателями преломления и дисперсией)
D glass — стекло с низкой диэлектрической постоянной, стекло D
E glass — стекло E, электрическое [бесщелочное алюмоборосиликатное] стекло
electrical glass — электрическое [бесщелочное алюмоборосиликатное] стекло, стекло E
electrically conducting glass — электропроводящее стекло
electroconductive glass — электропроводящее стекло
engineered glass — техническое стекло
ероху glass — эпоксидный стеклопластик
epoxy-impregnated fiber glass — стеклоткань, пропитанная эпоксидной смолой; эпоксидный стеклотекстолит
fatigue-strength glass — усталостно-прочное стекло
ferroelectric glass — сегнетоэлектрическое стекло
fiber glass — стеклянное волокно, стекловолокно, стеклоткань
fiberizable glass — волокно-образующее стекло
fibrous glass — волокнистое стекло, стекловолокно
flake glass — чешуйчатое стекло
flint glass — флинтглас, свинцовое стекло
fluorescent glass — люминесцирующее стекло
fluoroberyllate glass — фторобериллатное стекло
fluosulfate glass — фторосульфатное стекло
flutted glass — рифлёное стекло
foamed glass — пеностекло
fused silica glass — стекло из плавленого кварца
germanate glass — германатовое стекло
hard glass — 1) тугоплавкое стекло 2) твёрдое стекло
heat-absorbing glass — теплопоглощающее стекло
heat-resistant glass — теплостойкое стекло
heat-tempered glass — закалённое стекло
high-impact glass — ударопрочное стекло
high-modulus glass — стекловолокно с высоким модулем упругости, высокомодульное стекло
high-quality laser glass — высококачественное лазерное стекло
high-resistivity glass — стекло с высоким удельным сопротивлением
high-silica glass — высококремнезёмное стекло
high-strength glass — высокопрочное стекло
high-temperature glass — жаропрочное [жаростойкое] стекло
infrared glass — стекло, поглощающее лучи в инфракрасной части спектра
infrared transmitting glass — стекло, передающее инфракрасные лучи
inorganic glass — неорганическое стекло
insulated glass — изоляционное стекло
ionically conducting glass — ионопроводящее стекло
irradiated glass — облучённое стекло
laminated safe glass — слоистое [безосколочное] стекло, триплекс
laser glass — лазерное стекло
leached glass — выщелоченное [кремнезёмное, бесщелочное] стекло
lead glass — свинцовое стекло
lead-alkali glass — свинцово-щелочное стекло
lead-silicate glass — свинцово-силикатное стекло
light-sensitive glass — светочувствительное стекло
lime-silicate glass — известковое стекло
lithium-silicate glass — литий-силикатное стекло
low-electrical loss glass — стекло с малым коэффициентом диэлектрических потерь
low-expansion glass — стекло с малым коэффициентом теплового расширения
luminescent glass — люминесцирующее стекло
M glass — стекло с высоким модулем упругости, стекло M
magnesia glass — магнезиальное стекло
metallized glass — металлизованное стекло
neodymium-activated glass — стекло, активированное неодимом
neodymium-doped glass — стекло с присадкой неодима
neodymium-oxide glass — стекло из окиси неодима
neutron-absorptive glass — стекло, поглощающее нейтроны
non-oxide glass — бескислородное стекло
non-oxide chalcogenide glass — бескислородное халькогенидное стекло
nonshatterable glass — безосколочное стекло, триплекс
opaque glass — непрозрачное стекло
optical glass — оптическое стекло
optical maser glass — лазерное стекло
organic glass — органическое стекло, плексиглас
organosilane-finished glass — стекло, обработанное органосилановым аппретом
organosilane-treated glass — стекло, обработанное органосилановым аппретом
oriented glass — ориентированное стекловолокно
oxide glass — окисное стекло
phosphate glass — фосфатное стекло
phosphovanadate glass — фосфованадатное стекло
photochromic glass — фотохромное стекло
photosensitive glass — светочувствительное стекло
phototropic glass — фототропное стекло
polycrystalline glass — поликристаллическое стекло, пирокерам, ситалл
polymethylmethacrylate glass — полиметилметакрилатное стекло
porous glass — пористое стекло
potash-lead glass — свинцово-калиевое стекло
potassium-silicate glass — калий-силикатное стекло
pressed glass — прессованное стекло
protective glass — защитное стекло
pyrex glass — ( стекло) пирекс, боросиликатное стекло
quartz glass — кварцевое стекло
quenched glass — закалённое стекло
glass rare-earth oxide glass — стекло с редкоземельными окислами
ribbed glass — рифлёное стекло
riffled glass — рифлёное стекло
S glass — стекло S [S-994], стекло для высокопрочных при повышенных температурах волокон
S-994 glass — стекло для высокопрочных при повышенных температурах волокон, стекло S [S-994]
safety glass — небьющееся [безосколочное] стекло
selenide glass — селенидное стекло
selenium glass — селеновое стекло
selenium-ruby glass — селено-рубиновое стекло
semiconducting glass — полупроводящее стекло
shatterproof glass — безосколочное стекло, триплекс
silane-treated glass — стекло, обработанное силановым аппретом
silica glass — 1) кремнезёмное стекло 2) кварцевое стекло
silicate glass — силикатное стекло
silver-containing glass — стекло, содержащее серебро
soda glass — натриевое стекло
soda-lime glass — известково-натриевое [щелочное] стекло
sodium-phosphate glass — натрий-фосфатное стекло
sodium-silicate glass — натрий-силикатное стекло
special-purpose glass — стекло специального назначения
splinterproof glass — безосколочное стекло
sponge glass — губчатое стекло, пеностекло
spun glass — 1) стеклянное волокно, стеклоткань, стекловолокно 2) стеклянная пряжа
staple glass — штапельное стекловолокно
teflon-coated fiber glass — стеклоткань, покрытая тефлоном
telluride glass — теллуридное стекло
thermal-resistant glass — термостойкое стекло
thermal-shock resistant glass — стекло, стойкое к тепловому удару
thermal-stress resistant glass — стекло, стойкое к тепловым напряжениям
titanium-containing glass — стекло с присадкой титана
transmittant glass — прозрачное [бесцветное] стекло
transparent glass — прозрачное [бесцветное] стекло
transparent mirror glass — прозрачное отражательное стекло
ultra-high strength glass — сверхпрочное стекло
ultraviolet absorbing glass — стекло, поглощающее лучи в ультрафиолетовой части спектра
unsplittered glass — безосколочное стекло
vanadium-containing glass — стекло, содержащее ванадий
woven glass — стеклоткань
YM31A glass — стекло с высоким модулем упругости, стекло M
ytterbium-activated silicate glass — силикатное стекло, активированное иттербием
zinc-borosilicate glass — боросиликатно-цинковое стекло
English-Russian dictionary of aviation and space materials > glass
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12 Pattinson, Hugh Lee
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 25 December 1796 Alston, Cumberland, Englandd. 11 November 1858 Scot's House, Gateshead, England[br]English inventor of a silver-extraction process.[br]Born into a Quaker family, he was educated at private schools; his studies included electricity and chemistry, with a bias towards metallurgy. Around 1821 Pattinson became Clerk and Assistant to Anthony Clapham, a soap-boiler of Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1825 he secured appointment as Assay Master to the lords of the manor of Alston. There he was able to pursue the subject of special interest to him, and in January 1829 he devised a method of separating silver from lead ore; however, he was prevented from developing it because of a lack of funds.Two years later he was appointed Manager of Wentworth Beaumont's lead-works. There he was able to continue his researches, which culminated in the patent of 1833 enshrining the invention by which he is best known: a new process for extracting silver from lead by skimming crystals of pure lead with a perforated ladle from the surface of the molten silver-bearing lead, contained in a succession of cast-iron pots. The molten metal was stirred as it cooled until one pot provided a metal containing 300 oz. of silver to the ton (8,370 g to the tonne). Until that time, it was unprofitable to extract silver from lead ores containing less than 8 oz. per ton (223 g per tonne), but the Pattinson process reduced that to 2–3 oz. (56–84 g per tonne), and it therefore won wide acceptance. Pattinson resigned his post and went into partnership to establish a chemical works near Gateshead. He was able to devise two further processes of importance, one an improved method of obtaining white lead and the other a new process for manufacturing magnesia alba, or basic carbonate of magnesium. Both processes were patented in 1841.Pattinson retired in 1858 and devoted himself to the study of astronomy, aided by a 7½ in. (19 cm) equatorial telescope that he had erected at his home at Scot's House.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsVice-President, British Association Chemical Section 1838. Fellow of the Geological Society, Royal Astronomical Society and Royal Society 1852.BibliographyPattinson wrote eight scientific papers, mainly on mining, listed in Royal Society Catalogue of Scientific Papers, most of which appeared in the PhilosophicalMagazine.Further ReadingJ.Percy, Metallurgy (volume on lead): 121–44 (fully describes Pattinson's desilvering process).Lonsdale, 1873, Worthies of Cumberland, pp. 273–320 (contains details of his life). T.K.Derry and T.I.Williams, 1960, A Short History ofTechnology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.LRD -
13 fuel
топливо; ркт. горючее; заправлять(ся) топливомcarbon compounds liquid hydrogen fuel — ракетное горючее на основе соединений углерода и жидкого водорода
cold starting priming fuel — пусковое [стартовое] топливо для низких температур
request a minimum fuel GCA — просить разрешение на посадку по системе «Джи-Си-Эй» с учётом минимального расхода топлива
— AB fuel— dry fuel— fuel on— low fuel— net fuel— wax fuel— wet fuel— ZIP fuel -
14 full
ful
1. adjective1) (holding or containing as much as possible: My basket is full.) lleno2) (complete: a full year; a full account of what happened.) completo, entero3) ((of clothes) containing a large amount of material: a full skirt.) holgado, amplio; de mucho vuelo; de etiqueta, de gala
2. adverb1) (completely: Fill the petrol tank full.) completamente, hasta el máximo; de largo metraje, de cuerpo entero, completo, extenso2) (exactly; directly: She hit him full in the face.) justo, de lleno•- fully- full-length
- full moon
- full-scale
- full stop
- full-time
- fully-fledged
- full of
- in full
- to the full
full adj1. llenoone bottle is full, but the other is empty una botella está llena, pero la otra está vacíaI can't eat any more, I'm full no puedo comer más, estoy lleno2. completowhat's your full name? ¿cuál es tu nombre completo?tr[fʊl]1 (gen) lleno,-a■ hey! this glass is only half full! ¡ey! ¡este vaso sólo está medio lleno!2 (week, day) cargado,-a, movido,-a3 (entire, complete) completo,-a■ I wanted them to get the full meaning of what I was saying quería que me entendieran perfectamente4 (highest or greatest possible) máximo,-a1 (directly) justo, de lleno\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat full blast a toda potencia, al máximoat full pelt / at full speed / at full tilt a toda velocidad, a toda pastillaat full stretch al máximo de capacidadfull of beans / full of life rebosante de salud, lleno,-a de vigorfull of the joys of spring lleno,-a de alegríafull speed ahead / full steam ahead adelante a toda máquinafull to the brim lleno,-a hasta los topesfull up completamente lleno,-afull well muy bien, perfectamente, de sobrain full completo,-a, en su totalidadin full sail a toda vela, con todas las velas desplegadasin full swing familiar en pleno augein full view of... delante mismo de...to be full of something no hablar más que de algo, no parar de hablar de algoto be full of oneself ser engreído,-a, creérseloto be full of one's own importance ser prepotenteto come full circle volver al punto de partidato come to a full stop pararse por completoto fall full length caer de brucesto the full al máximofull board pensión nombre femenino completafull dress traje nombre masculino de etiquetafull moon luna llenafull score partitura de orquestafull stop (punctuation mark) punto■ full stop, new paragraph punto y aparte■ full stop, new sentence punto y seguidofull time final nombre masculino de partidofull ['fʊl, 'fʌl] adv1) very: muyfull well: muy bien, perfectamente2) entirely: completamenteshe swung full around: giró completamente3) directly: de lleno, directamentehe looked me full in the face: me miró directamente a la carafull adj1) filled: lleno2) complete: completo, detallado3) maximum: todo, plenoat full speed: a toda velocidadin full bloom: en plena flor4) plump: redondo, llenito fam, regordete fama full face: una cara redondaa full figure: un cuerpo llenito5) ample: amplioa full skirt: una falda ampliafull n1)to pay in full : pagar en su totalidad2)to the full : al máximoadj.• colmado, -a adj.• completo, -a adj.• cumplido, -a adj.• harto, -a adj.• holgado, -a adj.• lleno, -a adj.• pleno, -a adj.• repleto, -a adj.n.• máximo s.m.• plenario s.m.• plenitud s.f.v.• abatanar v.• batanar v.
I fʊladjective -er, -est1)a) ( filled) llenoto be full of it — (AmE colloq & euph) decir* puras tonterías or sandeces
2)a) ( complete) <report/description> detallado; <name/answer> completoto pay the full price — pagar* el precio íntegro
b) ( maximum)full employment — ( Econ) pleno empleo m
3)clothes for the fuller figure — (euph) tallas or (RPl) talles grandes
b) ( Clothing) <skirt/sleeve> amplio4) ( absorbed)full OF something: they were full of the latest scandal no hacían más que hablar del último escándalo; to be full of oneself o of one's own importance — ser* muy creído (fam), tenérselo muy creído (fam)
II
you know full well that... — sabes perfectamente or muy bien que...
2) ( directly)3) (in phrases)[fʊl]full on: the car's headlights were full on el coche llevaba las luces largas; the heating is full on la calefacción está al máximo or (fam) a tope; full out a toda máquina; in full: write your name in full escriba su nombre completo; it will be paid in full será pagado en su totalidad; to the full — al máximo
1. ADJ(compar fuller) (superl fullest)1) (=filled) [room, hall, theatre] lleno; [vehicle] completo; [hotel] lleno, completohouse full — (Theat) no hay localidades, completo
•
we are full up for July — estamos completos para juliohis heart was full — liter tenía el corazón apenado
2)to be full of... — estar lleno de...
•
full of hope — lleno de esperanza, ilusionado- be full of it- be full of shit3) (=complete) completo, entero; [account] detallado, extenso; [meal] completo; [power] pleno; [price, pay] íntegro, sin descuento; [speed, strength] máximo; [text] íntegro; [uniform] de gala•
to take full advantage of the situation — aprovecharse al máximo de la situación•
in the fullest sense of the word — en el sentido más amplio de la palabrafull speed or steam ahead! — (Naut) ¡avance a toda marcha!
- go full steam ahead4) (=ample) [face] redondo; [figure] llenito; [lips] grueso; [skirt, sleeves] amplio5) (=busy) [day, timetable] muy ocupado6) (Pol etc) [session] pleno, plenario; [member] de pleno derechoI'm full (up) * — no puedo más, estoy harto or ahíto
•
you'll work better on a full stomach — trabajarás mejor con el estómago lleno or después de haber comido8) (in titles)2.ADVto turn the sound/volume up full — subir el volumen a tope
•
full well — muy bien, perfectamente3.N•
in full, name in full — nombre m y apellidostext in full — texto m íntegro
•
to the full — al máximo4.CPDfull board N — (esp Brit) pensión f completa
full brother N — hermano m carnal
full dress N — traje m de etiqueta or de gala
in full dress — vestido de etiqueta or de gala
full employment N — pleno empleo m
full-farefull English breakfast, full English N — desayuno m inglés completo, desayuno que consiste principalmente en huevos fritos con bacon, tostadas, salchicha, morcilla y champiñones
full house N — (Cards) full m ; (Bingo) cartón m ; (Theat) lleno m
full marks NPL — puntuación fsing máxima
full marks for persistence! — (fig) ¡te mereces un premio a la perseverancia!
full measure N — medida f or cantidad f completa
full sister N — hermana f carnal
full stop N — (Brit) (Gram) punto m (y seguido)
I'm not going, full stop! — ¡no voy, y punto or y se acabó!
- come to a full stopfull-timefull time N — (Brit) (Sport) final m del partido
* * *
I [fʊl]adjective -er, -est1)a) ( filled) llenoto be full of it — (AmE colloq & euph) decir* puras tonterías or sandeces
2)a) ( complete) <report/description> detallado; <name/answer> completoto pay the full price — pagar* el precio íntegro
b) ( maximum)full employment — ( Econ) pleno empleo m
3)clothes for the fuller figure — (euph) tallas or (RPl) talles grandes
b) ( Clothing) <skirt/sleeve> amplio4) ( absorbed)full OF something: they were full of the latest scandal no hacían más que hablar del último escándalo; to be full of oneself o of one's own importance — ser* muy creído (fam), tenérselo muy creído (fam)
II
you know full well that... — sabes perfectamente or muy bien que...
2) ( directly)3) (in phrases)full on: the car's headlights were full on el coche llevaba las luces largas; the heating is full on la calefacción está al máximo or (fam) a tope; full out a toda máquina; in full: write your name in full escriba su nombre completo; it will be paid in full será pagado en su totalidad; to the full — al máximo
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15 propelling-pencil
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16 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
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17 Ward, Joshua
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 1685d. 21 November 1761 London, England[br]English doctor and industrial chemist.[br]Ward is perhaps better described as a "quack" than a medical doctor. His remedies, one containing a dangerous quantity of antimony, were dubious to say the least. A fraudulent attempt to enter Parliament in 1717 forced him to leave the country quickly. After his pardon in 1733, he returned to London and established a successful practice. His medical prowess is immortalized in Hogarth's picture The Harlot's Progress.Sulphuric acid had been an important chemical for centuries and Ward found that he needed large quantities of it to make his remedies. He set up works to manufacture it at Twickenham, near London, in 1736 and then at Richmond three years later. His process consisted of burning a mixture of saltpetre (nitre; potassium nitrate) and sulphur in the neck of a large glass globe containing a little water. Dilute sulphuric acid was thereby formed, which was concentrated by distillation. Although the method was not new, having been described in the seventeenth century by the German chemist Johann Glauber, Ward was granted a patent for his process in 1749. An important feature was the size of the globes, which had no less than fifty gallons' capacity, which must have entailed considerable skill on the part of the glassblowers. Through the adoption of Ward's process, the price of this essential commodity fell from £2 per pound to only 2 shillings. It provided the best method of manufacture until the advent of the lead-chamber process invented by John Roebuck.[br]Further ReadingA.Clow and N.Clow, 1952, The Chemical Revolution: A Contribution to Social Technology, London: Batch worth.C.Singer et al. (eds), 1958, A History of Technology, 7 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press, Vol. IV.LRD -
18 head
1. noun1) Kopf, der; Haupt, das (geh.)head first — mit dem Kopf zuerst/voran
head over heels in love — bis über beide Ohren verliebt (ugs.)
lose one's head — (fig.) den Kopf verlieren
be unable to make head or tail of something/somebody — aus etwas/jemandem nicht klug werden
2) (mind) Kopf, derin one's head — im Kopf
enter somebody's head — jemandem in den Sinn kommen
two heads are better than one — (prov.) zwei Köpfe sind besser als einer
I've got a good/bad head for figures — ich kann gut rechnen/rechnen kann ich überhaupt nicht
not quite right in the head — (coll.) nicht ganz richtig [im Kopf] (ugs.)
have got it into one's head that... — fest [davon] überzeugt sein, dass...
the first thing that comes into somebody's head — das erste, was jemandem einfällt
3) (person)a or per head — pro Kopf
playback/erasing head — Wiedergabe-/Löschkopf, der
head of government — Regierungschef, der/-chefin, die
head of state — Staatsoberhaupt, das
11) see academic.ru/33986/headmaster">headmaster; headmistress2. attributive adjectivehead waiter — Oberkellner, der
3. transitive verbhead office — Hauptverwaltung, die; (Commerc.) Hauptbüro, das
1) (provide with heading) überschreiben; betiteln3) (direct)4) (Footb.) köpfen5) (overtake and stop)4. intransitive verbhead somebody/something [off] — jemanden/etwas abdrängen
head for London — [Flugzeug, Schiff:] Kurs auf London nehmen; [Auto:] in Richtung London fahren
head towards or for somebody/the buffet — auf jemanden/das Buffet zusteuern
you're heading for trouble — du wirst Ärger bekommen
* * *[hed] 1. noun1) (the top part of the human body, containing the eyes, mouth, brain etc; the same part of an animal's body: The stone hit him on the head; He scratched his head in amazement.) der Kopf2) (a person's mind: An idea came into my head last night.) der Kopf3) (the height or length of a head: The horse won by a head.) die Kopflänge4) (the chief or most important person (of an organization, country etc): Kings and presidents are heads of state; ( also adjective) a head waiter; the head office.) das (Ober-)Haupt; Ober...5) (anything that is like a head in shape or position: the head of a pin; The boy knocked the heads off the flowers.) der Kopf6) (the place where a river, lake etc begins: the head of the Nile.) die Quelle7) (the top, or the top part, of anything: Write your address at the head of the paper; the head of the table.) oberes Ende8) (the front part: He walked at the head of the procession.) die Spitze9) (a particular ability or tolerance: He has no head for heights; She has a good head for figures.) die Begabung10) (a headmaster or headmistress: You'd better ask the Head.) der Leiter12) (a headland: Beachy Head.) die Landspitze13) (the foam on the top of a glass of beer etc.) die Blume2. verb1) (to go at the front of or at the top of (something): The procession was headed by the band; Whose name headed the list?) an erster Stelle stehen2) (to be in charge of; to be the leader of: He heads a team of scientists investigating cancer.) leiten3) ((often with for) to (cause to) move in a certain direction: The explorers headed south; The boys headed for home; You're heading for disaster!) zusteuern4) (to put or write something at the beginning of: His report was headed `Ways of Preventing Industrial Accidents'.) betiteln•- -headed- header
- heading
- heads
- headache
- headband
- head-dress
- headfirst
- headgear
- headlamp
- headland
- headlight
- headline
- headlines
- headlong
- head louse
- headmaster
- head-on
- headphones
- headquarters
- headrest
- headscarf
- headsquare
- headstone
- headstrong
- headwind
- above someone's head
- go to someone's head
- head off
- head over heels
- heads or tails? - keep one's head
- lose one's head
- make head or tail of
- make headway
- off one's head* * *[hed]I. NOUNfrom \head to foot [or toe] von Kopf bis Fußto bow one's \head den Kopf senkento nod one's \head mit dem Kopf nickento shake one's \head den Kopf schüttelnto put ideas into sb's \head jdm Flausen in den Kopf setzenwhat put that idea into your \head? wie kommst du denn darauf?to need a clear \head to do sth einen klaren Kopf brauchen, um etw zu tunto have a good \head for sth für etw akk begabt seinshe's got a good \head for figures sie kann gut mit Zahlen umgehento clear one's \head einen klaren Kopf bekommento get sb/sth out of one's \head sich dat jdn/etw aus dem Kopf schlagenI can't get that man out of my \head dieser Mann geht mir einfach nicht mehr aus dem Kopfto use one's \head seinen Verstand benutzena \head of broccoli/cauliflower ein Brokkoli/Blumenkohla \head of cabbage ein Kohlkopf ma \head of lettuce ein Salatto be a \head taller than sb [um] einen Kopf größer sein als jdto win by a \head mit einer Kopflänge Vorsprung gewinnen5. no pl (top, front part)the \head of the bed das Kopfende des Bettesat the \head of the table am Kopf[ende] des Tisches6. (blunt end) of a nail, pin, screw Kopf m; (end of tool) of a hammer Haupt nt, Kopf m; of a screwdriver Griff m; of tape, photographic film Anfang mthe \head of a match der Streichholzkopfthe \head of the family das Familienoberhaupta \head of state ein Staatsoberhaupt nt\heads or tails? Kopf oder Zahl?you have to pour the beer slowly so there isn't too big a \head on it man muss das Bier langsam einschenken, damit es nicht zu viel Schaum gibtthe \head of a river/stream ein Fluss-/Bachoberlauf m13. (accumulated amount)\head of steam Dampfdruck mthe \head of a boil/a pimple der Eiterpfropf einer Beule/eines Pickels17.▶ to not be able to make \head [n]or tail of sth aus etw dat nicht schlau [o klug] werden, sich dat auf etw akk keinen Reim machen können▶ to bring sth to a \head (carry sth too far) etw auf die Spitze treiben; (force a decision) etw forcieren [o zur Entscheidung bringen]▶ to bury one's \head in the sand, to have one's \head buried in the sand den Kopf in den Sand stecken▶ to do sth over sb's \head etw über jds Kopf hinweg tun▶ to get [or put] one's \head down BRIT (concentrate) sich akk [ganz auf eine Sache] konzentrieren; (sleep) sich akk aufs Ohr hauen fam▶ to get sth into one's \head etw begreifenwhen will you get it into your thick \head that...? wann geht es endlich in deinen sturen Kopf [o kapierst du endlich], dass...? fam▶ to give sb their \head jdn gewähren lassen, jdm seinen Willen lassen▶ to go over sb's \head über jds Kopf hinweg handeln▶ to go to sb's \head praise, success jdm zu Kopf steigen pej; alcohol, wine jdm in den [o zu] Kopf steigen▶ to have an old [or wise] \head on young shoulders für sein Alter ziemlich erwachsen [o reif] sein▶ to keep a cool \head einen kühlen Kopf bewahren▶ to keep one's \head einen klaren Kopf bewahren▶ to be off one's \head ( fam: be crazy, silly) übergeschnappt [o von allen guten Geistern verlassen] sein fam; (stoned) total zu[gedröhnt] [o zugekifft] sein slBen must be off his \head if he thinks Dad'll give him the money Ben kann nicht ganz bei Trost sein, wenn er glaubt, Dad würde ihm das Geld geben▶ to be [or go] over sb's \head über jds Horizont gehen▶ to put one's \heads together die Köpfe zusammenstecken▶ \heads will roll Köpfe werden rollenthe dog started barking its \head off der Hund begann, wie verrückt zu bellen▶ to have one's \head screwed on [right [or the right way]] ein patenter Mensch sein▶ to be \head and shoulders above sb/sth jdm/etw haushoch überlegen seinII. ADJECTIVEattr leitende(r, s)\head cook Küchenchef(in) m(f)\head office Zentrale fIII. TRANSITIVE VERB1. (be at the front of)▪ to \head sth etw anführenthe procession was \headed by the Queen die Queen ging der Prozession voran2. (be in charge of)to \head a firm/an organization eine Firma/Organisation leiten [o führen▪ to \head sth etw überschreiben [o mit einer Überschrift versehen]the article wasn't \headed der Artikel hatte keine Überschrift4. FBALLto \head the ball den Ball köpfen5. HORTto \head a tree einen Baum kappento \head home sich akk auf den Heimweg machento \head along a path einen Weg entlanglaufen3. (go toward)he \headed straight for the fridge er steuerte direkt auf den Kühlschrank zuto \head for disaster auf eine Katastrophe zusteuernto be \heading into [some] rough times schweren Zeiten entgegengehen* * *in cpds (= top, senior) Ober-* * *head [hed]A v/t2. voran-, vorausgehen (dat)3. (an)führen, leiten:a commission headed by ein Ausschuss unter der Leitung von4. lenken, steuern, dirigieren:a) um-, ablenken,b) abfangen,c) eine Gefahr etc abwenden, ein Gespräch etc abbiegen5. übertreffen6. einen Fluss etc (an der Quelle) umgehen7. mit einem Kopf etc versehen8. einen Titel geben (dat), betiteln9. die Spitze bilden von (oder gen)11. Fußball: den Ball köpfen:head away wegköpfen;head in einköpfen12. head upa) ein Fass ausböden,b) Wasser aufstauenB v/i1. a) gehen, fahren ( beide:for nach):be heading back auf dem Rückweg sein3. (mit der Front) liegen nach:4. (einen Kopf) ansetzen (Gemüse etc)5. sich entwickeln6. entspringen (Fluss)7. Fußball:head clear mit dem oder per Kopf klären;head in einköpfen;head wide vorbeiköpfenC adj1. Kopf…2. Spitzen…, Vorder…, an der Spitze stehend oder gehend3. Chef…, Haupt…, Ober…, Spitzen…, führend, oberst(er, e, es), erst(er, e, es):head cook Chefkoch m;head nurse Oberschwester fD s1. Kopf m:2. poet und fig Haupt n:head of the family Haupt der Familie, Familienvorstand m, -oberhaupt;3. Kopf m, Verstand m, auch Begabung f:he has a (good) head for languages er ist sehr sprachbegabt;head for figures Zahlengedächtnis n;have a good head for heights schwindelfrei sein;two heads are better than one zwei Köpfe wissen mehr als einer4. Spitze f, höchste Stelle, führende Stellung:at the head of an der Spitze von (od gen)5. a) (An)Führer(in), Leiter(in)b) Vorstand m, Vorsteher(in)c) Chef(in):head of government Regierungschefd) SCHULE Direktor m, Direktorin fa) oberer Absatz (einer Treppe)b) Kopf(ende) m(n) (eines Bettes, der Tafel etc)c) Kopf m (einer Buchseite, eines Briefes, eines Nagels, einer Stecknadel, eines Hammers, eines Golfschlägers etc)d) SCHIFF Topp m (Mast)7. Kopf m (einer Brücke oder Mole), oberes oder unteres Ende (eines Sees etc), Boden m (eines Fasses)8. a) Kopf m, Spitze f, vorderes Ende, Vorderteil m/nb) SCHIFF Bug mc) SCHIFF Toilette f (im Bug)9. Kopf m, (einzelne) Person:one pound a head ein Pfund pro Kopf oder Person10. (pl head) Stück n:50 head of cattle 50 Stück Vieh11. Br Anzahl f, Herde f, Ansammlung f (besonders Wild)12. Höhepunkt m, Krise f: → Bes Redew13. (Haupt-)Haar n:a beautiful head of hair schönes, volles Haar14. BOTa) (Salat- etc) Kopf m, Köpfchen n (kopfig gedrängter Blütenstand)15. ANAT Kopf m (vom Knochen oder Muskel)16. MED Durchbruchstelle f (eines Geschwürs etc)17. Vorgebirge n, Landspitze f, Kap n18. pl Vorderseite f (einer Münze):heads or tails? Wappen od Zahl?19. JAGD Geweih n:a deer of the first head ein fünfjähriger Hirsch21. Br Rahm m, Sahne f22. Quelle f (eines Flusses)23. a) Überschrift f, Titelkopf mb) Abschnitt m, Kapitel nc) (Haupt)Punkt m (einer Rede etc):the head and front das Wesentliche24. Abteilung f, Rubrik f, Kategorie f25. TYPO (Titel)Kopf m26. LING Oberbegriff m28. TECHa) Stauwasser nb) Staudamm m, -mauer f29. PHYS, TECHa) Gefälle n, Gefällhöhe fb) Druckhöhe fc) (Dampf-, Luft-, Gas) Druck md) Säule f, Säulenhöhe f (zur Druckmessung):head of water Wassersäule30. TECHa) Spindelkopf m (einer Fräsmaschine)b) Spindelbank f (einer Drehbank)c) Support m (einer Bohrbank)e) Saugmassel f (Gießerei)f) Kopf-, Deckplatte f, Haube f31. MUSc) Kopf m (einer Violine etc)32. Verdeck n, Dach n (einer Kutsche etc)b) …fan m:talk above sb’s head über jemandes Kopf hinweg reden;by head and shoulders an den Haaren (herbeiziehen), gewaltsam;(by) head and shoulders um Haupteslänge (größer etc), weitaus;head and shoulders above the rest den anderen turm- oder haushoch überlegen;from head to foot von Kopf bis Fuß;go off one’s head umg überschnappen;on one’s head auf dem Kopf stehend;on this head in diesem Punkt;out of one’s own heada) von sich aus, allein,b) auf eigene Verantwortung over sb’s head über jemandes Kopf hinweg;go over sb’s head to do sth jemanden übergehen und etwas tun;a) kopfüber (die Treppe hinunterstürzen),b) bis über die oder beide Ohren (verliebt sein) be head over heels in debt bis über die Ohren in Schulden sitzen oder stecken;bring to a head zum Ausbruch oder zur Entscheidung bringen;bury one’s head in the sand den Kopf in den Sand stecken;call for sb’s head jemandes Kopf fordern;go for a walk to clear one’s head um einen klaren Kopf zu bekommen;b) fig zur Entscheidung oder Krise kommen, sich zuspitzen cry one’s head off umg sich die Augen ausweinen oder aus dem Kopf weinen;it never entered his head to help her es kam ihm nie in den Sinn, ihr zu helfen;he’d forget his head if it wasn’t screwed on umg der würde sogar seinen Kopf vergessen, wenn er nicht angeschraubt wäre;gather head überhandnehmen;give a horse its head einem Pferd die Zügel schießen lassen;his name has gone out of my head mir ist sein Name entfallen;he has a good head on his shoulders er ist ein kluger Kopf;hold sth in one’s head etwas behalten, sich etwas merken;hold one’s head upa) den Kopf hoch halten,b) fig seine Selbstachtung nicht verlieren keep one’s head kühlen Kopf bewahren, die Nerven behalten;keep one’s head above water sich über Wasser halten (a. fig);a) etwas über den Haufen werfen umg,b) einer Sache ein Ende bereiten, Schluss machen mit etwas laugh one’s head off umg sich fast oder halb totlachen;let sb have his head jemandem seinen Willen lassen;it lies on my head es wird mir zur Last gelegt;lose one’s head den Kopf oder die Nerven verlieren;make head (gut) vorankommen, Fortschritte machen;I cannot make head or tail of it ich kann daraus nicht schlau werden, ich kann damit nichts anfangen;put sth into sb’s head jemandem etwas in den Kopf setzen;put sth out of one’s head sich etwas aus dem Kopf schlagen;they put their heads together sie steckten die Köpfe zusammen;run in sb’s head jemandem im Kopf herumgehen;take the head die Führung übernehmen;take sth into one’s head sich etwas in den Kopf setzen;talk sb’s head off umg jemandem ein Loch in den Bauch reden;turn sb’s head jemandem den Kopf verdrehen; → bang1 B 1, cloud A 1, knock B 1, roll B 1, swelled head, swollen head, top1 A 1hd abk1. hand2. head* * *1. noun1) Kopf, der; Haupt, das (geh.)mind your head! — Vorsicht, dein Kopf!; (on sign) Vorsicht - geringe Durchgangshöhe!
head first — mit dem Kopf zuerst/voran
lose one's head — (fig.) den Kopf verlieren
be unable to make head or tail of something/somebody — aus etwas/jemandem nicht klug werden
2) (mind) Kopf, dertwo heads are better than one — (prov.) zwei Köpfe sind besser als einer
I've got a good/bad head for figures — ich kann gut rechnen/rechnen kann ich überhaupt nicht
not quite right in the head — (coll.) nicht ganz richtig [im Kopf] (ugs.)
have got it into one's head that... — fest [davon] überzeugt sein, dass...
the first thing that comes into somebody's head — das erste, was jemandem einfällt
3) (person)a or per head — pro Kopf
5) in pl. (on coin)6) (working end etc.; also Mus.) Kopf, derplayback/erasing head — Wiedergabe-/Löschkopf, der
7) (on beer) Blume, diehead of government — Regierungschef, der/-chefin, die
head of state — Staatsoberhaupt, das
11) see headmaster; headmistress2. attributive adjectivehead waiter — Oberkellner, der
3. transitive verbhead office — Hauptverwaltung, die; (Commerc.) Hauptbüro, das
1) (provide with heading) überschreiben; betiteln2) (stand at top of) anführen [Liste]; (lead) leiten; führen [Bewegung]3) (direct)4) (Footb.) köpfen4. intransitive verbhead somebody/something [off] — jemanden/etwas abdrängen
head for London — [Flugzeug, Schiff:] Kurs auf London nehmen; [Auto:] in Richtung London fahren
head towards or for somebody/the buffet — auf jemanden/das Buffet zusteuern
* * *n.Chef- präfix.Haupt Häupter n.Kopf ¨-e m. v.an der Spitze stehen ausdr. -
19 RoHS
- директива 2002/95/EC по запрещению применения опасных веществ
директива 2002/95/EC ( RoHS) по запрещению применения опасных веществ
Ограничивает использование вредных веществ. Вступила в силу в июле 2006 г. Запрещает применение в продукции шести вредных веществ: свинец, ртуть, кадмий, шестивалентный хром, полибромированный бифенил (PBB) или полибромированный дефиниловый эфир (PBDE).
[Интент]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
RoHS (reduction of hazardous substances) directive 2002/95/EC
The objective of european directive 2002/95/EC is to limit the use of lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, mercury and brominated flame retardants (PBE and PBDE) in certain types of electrical and electronic equipment placed on the european market. The marketing of certain products containing these substances has been banned since its application date, 1 July 2006. The maximum concentration limits for these substances by weight of homogeneous material are: 0.1% for lead, mercury, chromium, PBB and PPBDE, and 0.01% for cadmium. in reality, a limited number of products is directly concerned by the directive which covers the following 8 categories of equipment:-
Large household appliances
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Small household appliances
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IT and telecommunications equipment
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Consumer equipment
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Lighting equipment (household light fittings and electric bulbs)
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Electrical/electronic tools (excluding large fixed industrial tools)
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Toys
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Automatic dispensers.
This directive indirectly affects suppliers of components or subassemblies. It is the responsibility of the producer to check that the supplier provides products that meet the requirements of the directive. finally, the manufacturer is responsible to the customer for compliance with the requirements throughout the whole supply chain.
[Legrand]
Директива 2002/95/EC по запрещению применения опасных материалов (RoHS)
Задача европейской директивы 2002/95/EC заключается в ограничении использования свинца, кадмия, шестивалентного хрома, ртути и бромированных огнезащитных составов (PBE и PBDE) в некоторых типах электротехнического и электронного оборудования, предлагаемого на европейском рынке. Сбыт некоторой продукции, содержащей эти вещества, был запрещен уже с момента принятия указанной директивы 1 июля 2006 года. Максимально допустимая массовая концентрация свинца, ртути, хрома, полибромистого фенила (PBB) и полиброминированного дифенила (PBDE) в гомогенных материалах составляет не более 0,1 %, а массовая концентрация кадмия в гомогенных материалах – не более 0,01 %.
В действительности имеется лишь ограниченное количество продукции, имеющей прямое отношение к директиве и охватывающей следующие 8 категорий:
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крупная бытовая техника;
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мелкая бытовая техника;
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информационное и телекоммуникационное оборудование;
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бытовая аппаратура;
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осветительное оборудование (бытовые светильники и электрические лампы);
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электрические/электронные приборы (за исключением крупных стационарных приборов промышленного назначения);
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игрушки;
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автоматические дозаторы.
Данная директива косвенно влияет на поставщиков компонентов и сборочных узлов. Ответственность за проверку того, что поставщик предоставляет товары, отвечающие требованиям директивы, несет изготовитель. И наконец, изготовитель несет ответственность перед конечными потребителями за выполнение требований во всей цепи поставки продукции.
[Перевод Интент]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > RoHS
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20 -ing
suff образует от глаголов (реже - от сущ.) существительные со значением: процесс, действие, состояние - trashing молотьба - unloading разгрузка - planning планирование - gardening садоводство - fencing фехтование конкретный предмет, материал - building здание - housing корпус, кожух - coating слой( краски) - engraving гравюра - bushing втулка - bedding матрац, подстилка, основание - facing облицовка, покрытие, отделка абстрактное понятие - meaning значение - beginning начало образует сложнопроизводные сущ., в которых вторая основа обозначает действие, а первая основа - объект, связанный с этим действием - well-being благосостояние - sightseeing осмотр достопримечательностей - soul-searching самокритический анализ - brainwashing идеологическая обработка - merry-making веселое времяпровождение - lead-poisoning свинцовое отравление - bookkeeping бухгалтерский учет - childbearing деторождение образует глагольную форму - герундий, который на русский язык переводится: именем существительным - I like drawing я люблю рисование инфинитивом - the storm prevented the steamer from leaving the port буря помешала пароходу выйти из порта деепричастием - she left the room without saying a word она вышла из комнаты, не сказав ни слова глаголом в личной форме - I remember seeing you somewhere я помню, что видел вас где-то образует от глагольных основ причастие 1, зависимое от существительного (как и в русском языке), от глагола (подобно русским деепричастиям), а также встречается в разного рода самостоятельных оборотах (соответствующих русским придаточным предлож.): - archeological level containing Clovis artifacts археологический слой, содержащий изделия культуры Кловис - the archeologists spent a day following the scraper removing mammoth bones as they were revealed археологи провели день, следуя за скрепером и убирая кости мамонта по мере их появления - the blanks were made near the chert quarries, the makers removing most of the superfluous weight заготовки делались около выработок кремнистого сланца, причем работники убирали большую часть излишнего веса встречается в прилагательных (бывших причастиях) - striking поразительный - unfeeling бесчувственный - charming очаровательный - enterprising предприимчивый образует сложнопроизводные прил., в которых второй компонент обозначает действие, а первый компонент обозначает объект или понятие, связанные с этим действием - good-looking миловидный - high-ranking высокопоставленный - heart-breaking душераздирающий - God-fearing богобоязненный
См. также в других словарях:
Lead poisoning — Classification and external resources An X ray demonstrating the characteristic finding of lead poisoning, dense metaphyseal lines. ICD 10 T … Wikipedia
Lead(II) nitrate — Lead(II) nitrate … Wikipedia
Lead paint — is paint containing lead, a heavy metal, that is used as pigment, with lead(II) chromate (PbCrO4, chrome yellow ) and lead(II) carbonate(PbCO3, white lead ) being the most common. Lead is also added to paint to speed drying, increase durability,… … Wikipedia
lead — lead1 [lēd] vt. led, leading [ME leden < OE lædan, caus. of lithan, to travel, go, akin to Ger leiten: for IE base see LOAD] 1. a) to show the way to, or direct the course of, by going before or along with; conduct; guide b) to show (the way)… … English World dictionary
lead glass — lead′ glass [[t]lɛd[/t]] n. cer glass containing lead oxide • Etymology: 1855–60 … From formal English to slang
lead poisoning — /led/ 1. Pathol. a. a toxic condition produced by ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption of lead or lead compounds, resulting in various dose related symptoms including anemia, nausea, muscle weakness, confusion, blindness, and coma. b. Also… … Universalium
lead glass — noun glass containing lead oxide; has a high refractive index • Hypernyms: ↑glass • Hyponyms: ↑paste * * * ˈled noun : glass containing a high proportion of lead oxide and having a relatively high refractive index and high dispersion value * * *… … Useful english dictionary
Lead(II) acetate — chembox new ImageFile = Lead(II)Acetate.jpg ImageSize = 200px IUPACName = Lead(II) acetate SystematicName = Lead(II) ethanoate OtherNames = Plumbous acetate, Salt of Saturn, Sugar of Lead, lead diacetate Section1 = Chembox Identifiers… … Wikipedia
lead — lead1 /leed/, v., led, leading, n., adj. v.t. 1. to go before or with to show the way; conduct or escort: to lead a group on a cross country hike. 2. to conduct by holding and guiding: to lead a horse by a rope. 3. to influence or induce; cause:… … Universalium
Lead(II) bromide — Chembox new ImageFile = ImageSize = IUPACName = lead(II) bromide OtherNames = lead dibromide Section1 = Chembox Identifiers CASNo = 10031 22 8 PubChem = SMILES = Section2 = Chembox Properties Formula = PbBr2 MolarMass = 367.01 Appearance = white… … Wikipedia
lead — lɪËd n. leadership, guidance; advance position, first place; person or thing that leads, leader; leash; guide; example; clue, hint, indication; principal role in a play; main actor; main news story; conductor (Electricity) n. heavy bluish gray… … English contemporary dictionary